feat: 错误处理与 rsp 的返回格式一致

internal/init.go

@@ -3,26 +3,19 @@ package internal
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
-	echoSwagger "github.com/swaggo/echo-swagger"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"net/http"
 	"sorbet/internal/entities"
 	"sorbet/internal/middleware"
 	"sorbet/internal/repositories"
 	"sorbet/internal/util"
 	"sorbet/pkg/db"
 	"sorbet/pkg/env"
-	"sorbet/pkg/ioc"
 	"sorbet/pkg/log"
 	"sorbet/pkg/rsp"
 	"sorbet/pkg/ticket"
 )
 
 func Init() error {
-	ioc.Bind(db.DB())       // 注入数据库操作
-	ioc.Bind(log.Default()) // 注入日志操作
-	repositories.Init()     // 注入数据仓库操作
-
 	// 同步数据库结构
 	if err := syncEntities(); err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, db.ErrNoCodeFirst) {
@@ -32,7 +25,6 @@ func Init() error {
 			log.Error("同步数据表结构需要开启 [DB_CODE_FIRST]，在生产模式下请务必关闭。")
 		}
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -64,26 +56,11 @@ func Start() error {
 	e := echo.New()
 	e.HideBanner = true
 	e.HidePort = true
-	e.HTTPErrorHandler = func(err error, c echo.Context) {
-		if !c.Response().Committed {
-			http.Error(c.Response(), err.Error(), 500)
-		}
-	}
+	e.HTTPErrorHandler = rsp.HTTPErrorHandler
 	e.Logger = util.NewLogger()
 	e.Use(middleware.Recover())
 	e.Use(middleware.CORS())
 	e.Use(middleware.Logger)
-	e.Use(func(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
-		return func(c echo.Context) error {
-			db := ioc.MustGet[gorm.DB]().WithContext(c.Request().Context())
-			ci := ioc.Fork()
-			ci.Bind(db)
-			c.Set("db", db)
-			c.Set("ioc", ci)
-			return next(c)
-		}
-	})
-	e.GET("/swagger/*", echoSwagger.WrapHandler)
 	e.GET("/", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		repo := repositories.NewCompanyRepository(c.Get("db").(*gorm.DB))
 		company, err := repo.GetByID(c.Request().Context(), 1)
@@ -103,15 +80,12 @@ func Start() error {
 			"token": token,
 		})
 	})
-
 	e.Group("", middleware.Ticket(false, "system")).GET("/u", func(c echo.Context) error {
 		return rsp.Ok(c, echo.Map{
 			"ticket": c.Get("ticket"),
 			"claims": c.Get("ticket_claims").(*ticket.Claims),
 		})
 	})
-
 	e.Logger.Fatal(e.Start(":1323"))
-
 	return nil
 }

internal/repositories/ioc.go

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-package repositories
-
-import (
-	"sorbet/pkg/ioc"
-)
-
-func Init() {
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewCompanyRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewCompanyDepartmentRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewCompanyStaffRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewConfigRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewConfigGroupRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewFeatureRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewFeatureCategoryRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewFeatureConfigRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewFeatureContentRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewFeatureContentChapterRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewFeatureContentDetailRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewResourceRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewResourceCategoryRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewSystemLogRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewSystemMenuRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewSystemPermissionRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewSystemRoleRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewSystemRolePowerRepository)
-	ioc.MustFactory(NewSystemUserRepository)
-}

internal/services/company/service.go

@@ -7,17 +7,20 @@ import (
 
 type Service struct{}
 
-func (s *Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
-	ctx.Routes(&controller.CompanyController{})
-	ctx.Routes(&controller.CompanyDepartmentController{})
-	ctx.Routes(&controller.CompanyStaffController{})
-	return nil
+func (*Service) Name() string {
+	return "company"
 }
 
-func (s *Service) Start() error {
-	return nil
+func (*Service) Priority() int {
+	return 1
 }
 
-func (s *Service) Stop() error {
+func (*Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
+	ctx.Routes(&controller.CompanyController{})
+	ctx.Routes(&controller.CompanyDepartmentController{})
+	ctx.Routes(&controller.CompanyStaffController{})
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (s *Service) Bootstrap() error { return nil }
+func (s *Service) Destroy() error   { return nil }

internal/services/config/service.go

@@ -5,19 +5,21 @@ import (
 	"sorbet/pkg/app"
 )
 
-type Service struct {
-}
+type Service struct{}
 
-func (s *Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
-	ctx.Routes(&controller.ConfigGroupController{})
-	ctx.Routes(&controller.ConfigController{})
-	return nil
+func (*Service) Name() string {
+	return "config"
 }
 
-func (s *Service) Start() error {
-	return nil
+func (*Service) Priority() int {
+	return 0
 }
 
-func (s *Service) Stop() error {
+func (*Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
+	ctx.Routes(&controller.ConfigGroupController{})
+	ctx.Routes(&controller.ConfigController{})
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (s *Service) Bootstrap() error { return nil }
+func (s *Service) Destroy() error   { return nil }

internal/services/feature/service.go

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ import (
 
 type Service struct{}
 
+func (*Service) Name() string {
+	return "feature"
+}
+
+func (*Service) Priority() int {
+	return 3
+}
+
 func (s *Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
 	ctx.Routes(&controller.FeatureCategoryController{})
 	ctx.Routes(&controller.FeatureConfigController{})
@@ -16,10 +24,5 @@ func (s *Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Service) Start() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Service) Stop() error {
-	return nil
-}
+func (s *Service) Bootstrap() error { return nil }
+func (s *Service) Destroy() error   { return nil }

internal/services/resource/service.go

@@ -7,16 +7,19 @@ import (
 
 type Service struct{}
 
-func (s *Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
-	ctx.Routes(&controller.ResourceController{})
-	ctx.Routes(&controller.ResourceCategoryController{})
-	return nil
+func (*Service) Name() string {
+	return "resource"
 }
 
-func (s *Service) Start() error {
-	return nil
+func (*Service) Priority() int {
+	return 2
 }
 
-func (s *Service) Stop() error {
+func (*Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
+	ctx.Routes(&controller.ResourceController{})
+	ctx.Routes(&controller.ResourceCategoryController{})
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (s *Service) Bootstrap() error { return nil }
+func (s *Service) Destroy() error   { return nil }

internal/services/service.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package services
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
+	"slices"
 	"sorbet/internal/services/company"
 	"sorbet/internal/services/config"
 	"sorbet/internal/services/feature"
@@ -11,26 +13,41 @@ import (
 	"sorbet/pkg/app"
 )
 
-var applets []app.Applet
+var services []app.Service
+
+func Register(service app.Service) error {
+	for _, applet := range services {
+		if applet.Name() == service.Name() {
+			return errors.New("service already registered")
+		}
+	}
+	services = append(services, service)
+	return nil
+}
 
 func Init() {
-	applets = []app.Applet{
+	services = []app.Service{
 		&config.Service{},
 		&company.Service{},
 		&resource.Service{},
 		&feature.Service{},
 		&system.Service{},
 	}
+
+	// 按优先级排序
+	slices.SortFunc(services, func(a, b app.Service) int {
+		return b.Priority() - a.Priority()
+	})
 }
 
-func Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
 	e := ctx.Value("echo_framework").(*echo.Echo)
-	for _, service := range applets {
+	for _, service := range services {
 		err := service.Init(app.NewContext(ctx, e.Group("")))
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err = service.Start()
+		err = service.Bootstrap()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -38,10 +55,12 @@ func Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func Stop() error {
-	for _, service := range applets {
-		err := service.Stop()
+func Destroy() error {
+	for i := len(services) - 1; i >= 0; i++ {
+		service := services[i]
+		err := service.Destroy()
 		if err != nil {
+			// TODO(hupeh): 是否需要销毁策略，比如可以继续或者中断等行为
 			return err
 		}
 	}

internal/services/system/service.go

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ import (
 
 type Service struct{}
 
+func (*Service) Name() string {
+	return "system"
+}
+
+func (*Service) Priority() int {
+	return 3
+}
+
 func (s *Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
 	ctx.Routes(&controller.SystemLogController{})
 	ctx.Routes(&controller.SystemMenuController{})
@@ -17,10 +25,5 @@ func (s *Service) Init(ctx *app.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Service) Start() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Service) Stop() error {
-	return nil
-}
+func (s *Service) Bootstrap() error { return nil }
+func (s *Service) Destroy() error   { return nil }

pkg/app/applet.go

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-package app
-
-import "github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
-
-type Applet interface {
-	// Init 初始化服务
-	Init(ctx *Context) error
-	// Start 启动服务
-	Start() error
-	// Stop 停止服务
-	Stop() error
-}
-
-type Routable interface {
-	InitRoutes(r *echo.Group)
-}

pkg/app/controller.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	"reflect"
 	"sorbet/pkg/db"
-	"sorbet/pkg/ioc"
 	"sorbet/pkg/rsp"
 )
 
@@ -72,16 +71,15 @@ func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) RegisterRoutes(path string, r *echo.Group
 
 // ORM 获取 gorm.DB 实例
 func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) ORM(c echo.Context) (*gorm.DB, error) {
-	orm, err := ioc.Get[gorm.DB]()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if orm, ok := c.Get("orm").(*gorm.DB); ok {
+		return orm, nil
 	}
-	return orm.WithContext(c.Request().Context()), nil
+	return db.DB().WithContext(c.Request().Context()), nil
 }
 
 // Repository 获取 Repository 实例
-func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) Repository() (*db.Repository[Entity], error) {
-	orm, err := ioc.Get[gorm.DB]()
+func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) Repository(c echo.Context) (*db.Repository[Entity], error) {
+	orm, err := ctr.ORM(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -103,7 +101,7 @@ func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) upsert(c echo.Context, isCreate bool) err
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	repo, err := ctr.Repository()
+	repo, err := ctr.Repository(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) Delete(c echo.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	repo, err := ctr.Repository()
+	repo, err := ctr.Repository(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -159,7 +157,7 @@ func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) Get(c echo.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	repo, err := ctr.Repository()
+	repo, err := ctr.Repository(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -172,7 +170,7 @@ func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) Get(c echo.Context) error {
 
 // List 获取数据列表
 func (ctr *Controller[Entity, Upsert]) List(c echo.Context) error {
-	repo, err := ctr.Repository()
+	repo, err := ctr.Repository(c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

pkg/app/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package app
+
+import "github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
+
+type Service interface {
+	// Name 服务名称
+	Name() string
+	// Priority 优先级，用于启动和销毁的执行顺序
+	Priority() int
+	// Init 初始化服务
+	Init(ctx *Context) error
+	// Bootstrap 启动服务
+	Bootstrap() error
+	// Destroy 销毁服务
+	Destroy() error
+}
+
+type Routable interface {
+	InitRoutes(r *echo.Group)
+}

pkg/ioc/container.go

@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-package ioc
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-)
-
-type binding struct {
-	name     string
-	typ      reflect.Type
-	resolver any
-	shared   bool
-}
-
-func (b *binding) make(c *Container) (reflect.Value, error) {
-	if v, exists := c.instances[b.typ][b.name]; exists {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-	val, err := c.Invoke(b.resolver)
-	if err != nil {
-		return reflect.Value{}, err
-	}
-	rv := val[0]
-	if len(val) == 2 {
-		err = val[1].Interface().(error)
-		if err != nil {
-			return reflect.Value{}, err
-		}
-	}
-	if b.shared {
-		if _, exists := c.instances[b.typ]; !exists {
-			c.instances[b.typ] = make(map[string]reflect.Value)
-		}
-		c.instances[b.typ][b.name] = rv
-	}
-	return rv, nil
-}
-
-func (b *binding) mustMake(c *Container) reflect.Value {
-	val, err := b.make(c)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return val
-}
-
-type Container struct {
-	// 注册的工厂函数
-	factories map[reflect.Type]map[string]*binding
-	// 注册的共享实例
-	instances map[reflect.Type]map[string]reflect.Value
-	parent    *Container
-}
-
-func New() *Container {
-	return &Container{
-		factories: make(map[reflect.Type]map[string]*binding),
-		instances: make(map[reflect.Type]map[string]reflect.Value),
-		parent:    nil,
-	}
-}
-
-// Fork 分支
-func (c *Container) Fork() *Container {
-	ioc := New()
-	ioc.parent = c
-	return ioc
-}
-
-// Bind 绑定值到容器，有效类型：
-// - 接口的具体实现值
-// - 结构体的实例
-// - 类型的值（尽量不要使用原始类型，而应该使用元素类型的变体）
-func (c *Container) Bind(instance any) {
-	c.NamedBind("", instance)
-}
-
-// NamedBind 绑定具名值到容器
-func (c *Container) NamedBind(name string, instance any) {
-	//typ := InterfaceOf(instance)
-	typ := reflect.TypeOf(instance)
-	if _, ok := c.instances[typ]; !ok {
-		c.instances[typ] = make(map[string]reflect.Value)
-	}
-	c.instances[typ][name] = reflect.ValueOf(instance)
-}
-
-// Factory 绑定工厂函数
-func (c *Container) Factory(factory any, shared ...bool) error {
-	return c.NamedFactory("", factory, shared...)
-}
-
-// NamedFactory 绑定具名工厂函数
-func (c *Container) NamedFactory(name string, factory any, shared ...bool) error {
-	reflectedFactory := reflect.TypeOf(factory)
-	if reflectedFactory.Kind() != reflect.Func {
-		return errors.New("container: the factory must be a function")
-	}
-	if returnCount := reflectedFactory.NumOut(); returnCount == 0 || returnCount > 2 {
-		return errors.New("container: factory function signature is invalid - it must return abstract, or abstract and error")
-	}
-	// TODO(hupeh): 验证第二个参数必须是 error 接口
-	concreteType := reflectedFactory.Out(0)
-	for i := 0; i < reflectedFactory.NumIn(); i++ {
-		// 循环依赖
-		if reflectedFactory.In(i) == concreteType {
-			return fmt.Errorf("container: factory function signature is invalid - depends on abstract it returns")
-		}
-	}
-	if _, exists := c.factories[concreteType]; !exists {
-		c.factories[concreteType] = make(map[string]*binding)
-	}
-	bd := &binding{
-		name:     name,
-		typ:      concreteType,
-		resolver: factory,
-		shared:   false,
-	}
-	for _, b := range shared {
-		bd.shared = b
-	}
-	c.factories[concreteType][name] = bd
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Resolve 完成的注入
-func (c *Container) Resolve(i any) error {
-	v := reflect.ValueOf(i)
-	for v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		v = v.Elem()
-	}
-	if v.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return errors.New("must given a struct")
-	}
-	t := v.Type()
-	for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
-		f := v.Field(i)
-		structField := t.Field(i)
-		inject, willInject := structField.Tag.Lookup("inject")
-		if !f.CanSet() {
-			if willInject {
-				return fmt.Errorf("container: cannot make %v field", t.Field(i).Name)
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-		ft := f.Type()
-		fv := c.NamedGet(inject, ft)
-		if !fv.IsValid() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("value not found for type %v", ft)
-		}
-		f.Set(fv)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Get 获取指定类型的值
-func (c *Container) Get(t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
-	return c.NamedGet("", t)
-}
-
-// NamedGet 通过注入的名称获取指定类型的值
-func (c *Container) NamedGet(name string, t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
-	val, exists := c.instances[t][name]
-
-	if exists && val.IsValid() {
-		return val
-	}
-
-	if factory, exists := c.factories[t][name]; exists {
-		val = factory.mustMake(c)
-	}
-
-	if val.IsValid() || t.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
-		goto RESULT
-	}
-
-	// 使用共享值里面该接口的实现者
-	for k, v := range c.instances {
-		if k.Implements(t) {
-			for _, value := range v {
-				if value.IsValid() {
-					val = value
-					goto RESULT
-				}
-			}
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	// 使用工厂函数里面该接口的实现者
-	for k, v := range c.factories {
-		if k.Implements(t) {
-			for _, bd := range v {
-				if x := bd.mustMake(c); x.IsValid() {
-					val = x
-					goto RESULT
-				}
-			}
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-RESULT:
-	if !val.IsValid() && c.parent != nil {
-		val = c.parent.NamedGet(name, t)
-	}
-	return val
-}
-
-// Invoke 执行函数
-func (c *Container) Invoke(f any) ([]reflect.Value, error) {
-	t := reflect.TypeOf(f)
-	if t.Kind() != reflect.Func {
-		return nil, errors.New("container: invalid function")
-	}
-
-	var in = make([]reflect.Value, t.NumIn()) //Panic if t is not kind of Func
-	for i := 0; i < t.NumIn(); i++ {
-		argType := t.In(i)
-		val := c.Get(argType)
-		if !val.IsValid() {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("value not found for type %v", argType)
-		}
-		in[i] = val
-	}
-	return reflect.ValueOf(f).Call(in), nil
-}

pkg/ioc/ioc.go

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-package ioc
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"reflect"
-)
-
-var (
-	ErrValueNotFound = errors.New("ioc: value not found")
-)
-
-var global = New()
-
-// Fork 分支
-func Fork() *Container {
-	return global.Fork()
-}
-
-// Bind 绑定值到容器，有效类型：
-//
-// - 接口的具体实现值
-// - 结构体的实例
-// - 类型的值（尽量不要使用原始类型，而应该使用元素类型的变体）
-func Bind(instance any) {
-	global.Bind(instance)
-}
-
-// NamedBind 绑定具名值到容器
-func NamedBind(name string, instance any) {
-	global.NamedBind(name, instance)
-}
-
-// Factory 绑定工厂函数
-func Factory(factory any, shared ...bool) error {
-	return global.Factory(factory, shared...)
-}
-
-func MustFactory(factory any, shared ...bool) {
-	err := Factory(factory, shared...)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
-
-// NamedFactory 绑定具名工厂函数
-func NamedFactory(name string, factory any, shared ...bool) error {
-	return global.NamedFactory(name, factory, shared...)
-}
-
-func MustNamedFactory(name string, factory any, shared ...bool) {
-	err := NamedFactory(name, factory, shared...)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
-
-// Resolve 完成的注入
-func Resolve(i any) error {
-	return global.Resolve(i)
-}
-
-// Get 获取指定类型的值
-func Get[T any]() (*T, error) {
-	return NamedGet[T]("")
-}
-
-func MustGet[T any]() *T {
-	return MustNamedGet[T]("")
-}
-
-// NamedGet 通过注入的名称获取指定类型的值
-func NamedGet[T any](name string) (*T, error) {
-	var abs T
-	t := reflect.TypeOf(&abs)
-	v := global.NamedGet(name, t)
-	if !v.IsValid() {
-		return nil, ErrValueNotFound
-	}
-	if x, ok := v.Interface().(*T); ok {
-		return x, nil
-	}
-	return nil, ErrValueNotFound
-}
-
-func MustNamedGet[T any](name string) *T {
-	v, err := NamedGet[T](name)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return v
-}
-
-// Invoke 执行函数
-func Invoke(f any) ([]reflect.Value, error) {
-	return global.Invoke(f)
-}

pkg/ioc/util.go

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package ioc
-
-import "reflect"
-
-// InterfaceOf dereferences a pointer to an Interface type.
-// It panics if value is not a pointer to an interface.
-func InterfaceOf(value interface{}) reflect.Type {
-	t := reflect.TypeOf(value)
-
-	for t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		t = t.Elem()
-	}
-
-	if t.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
-		panic("the value is not a pointer to an interface. (*MyInterface)(nil)")
-	}
-
-	return t
-}

pkg/is/is.go

@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+package is
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Email 验证给出的字符串是不是有效的邮箱地址
+func Email(str string) bool {
+	return emailRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// E164 判断给出的字符串是否符合 e.164 规范的手机号码
+func E164(str string) bool {
+	return e164Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// PhoneNumber 判断给出的字符串是否符合中国大陆规范的手机号码
+func PhoneNumber(str string) bool {
+	return phoneNumberRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// Semver 判断给出的字符串是否符合语义化版本号规范
+func Semver(str string) bool {
+	return semverRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// Base64 判断给出的字符串是否为base64数据
+func Base64(str string) bool {
+	return base64Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// URL 判断给出的字符串是否为有效的URL
+func URL(s string) bool {
+	var i int
+	// checks needed as of Go 1.6 because of change https://github.com/golang/go/commit/617c93ce740c3c3cc28cdd1a0d712be183d0b328#diff-6c2d018290e298803c0c9419d8739885L195
+	// emulate browser and strip the '#' suffix prior to validation. see issue-#237
+	if i = strings.Index(s, "#"); i > -1 {
+		s = s[:i]
+	}
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(s)
+	if err != nil || u.Scheme == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Base64URL 判断给出的字符串是否为有效且安全的 base64URL
+func Base64URL(str string) bool {
+	return base64URLRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// JWT is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid JWT string.
+func JWT(str string) bool {
+	return jWTRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// UUID5 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid v5 UUID.
+func UUID5(str string) bool {
+	return uUID5Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// UUID4 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid v4 UUID.
+func UUID4(str string) bool {
+	return uUID4Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// UUID3 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid v3 UUID.
+func UUID3(str string) bool {
+	return uUID3Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// UUID is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid UUID of any version.
+func UUID(str string) bool {
+	return uUIDRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// ULID is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid ULID.
+func ULID(str string) bool {
+	return uLIDRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// MD4 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid MD4.
+func MD4(str string) bool {
+	return md4Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// MD5 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid MD5.
+func MD5(str string) bool {
+	return md5Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// SHA256 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid SHA256.
+func SHA256(str string) bool {
+	return sha256Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// SHA384 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid SHA384.
+func SHA384(str string) bool {
+	return sha384Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// SHA512 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid SHA512.
+func SHA512(str string) bool {
+	return sha512Regex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// ASCII is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid ASCII character.
+func ASCII(str string) bool {
+	return aSCIIRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// Alpha is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid alpha value.
+func Alpha(str string) bool {
+	return alphaRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// Alphanumeric is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid alphanumeric value.
+func Alphanumeric(str string) bool {
+	return alphaNumericRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// AlphaUnicode is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid alpha unicode value.
+func AlphaUnicode(str string) bool {
+	return alphaUnicodeRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// AlphanumericUnicode is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid alphanumeric unicode value.
+func AlphanumericUnicode(str string) bool {
+	return alphaUnicodeNumericRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// Numeric is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid numeric value.
+func Numeric[T any](t T) bool {
+	ctx := reflect.ValueOf(t)
+	switch ctx.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
+		reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr,
+		reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return numericRegex.MatchString(ctx.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// Number is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid number.
+func Number[T any](t T) bool {
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(t)
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
+		reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr,
+		reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return numberRegex.MatchString(rv.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// Boolean is the validation function for validating if the current field's value can be safely converted to a boolean.
+func Boolean[T any](t T) bool {
+	ref := reflect.ValueOf(t)
+	switch ref.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		switch ref.String() {
+		case "1", "yes", "YES", "Yes", "on", "ON", "On", "true", "TRUE", "True",
+			"0", "no", "NO", "No", "", "off", "OFF", "Off", "false", "FALSE", "False":
+			return true
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		n := ref.Int()
+		return n == 0 || n == 1
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		n := ref.Uint()
+		return n == 0 || n == 1
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return ref.Bool()
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Default is the opposite of required aka HasValue
+func Default(val any) bool {
+	return !HasValue(val)
+}
+
+// HasValue is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is not the default static value.
+func HasValue(val any) bool {
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(val)
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Map, reflect.Ptr, reflect.Interface, reflect.Chan, reflect.Func:
+		return !rv.IsNil()
+	default:
+		return rv.IsValid() && rv.Interface() != reflect.Zero(rv.Type()).Interface()
+	}
+}
+
+// Hexadecimal is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid hexadecimal.
+func Hexadecimal(str string) bool {
+	return hexadecimalRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// HEXColor is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid HEX color.
+func HEXColor(str string) bool {
+	return hexColorRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// RGB is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid RGB color.
+func RGB(str string) bool {
+	return rgbRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// RGBA is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid RGBA color.
+func RGBA(str string) bool {
+	return rgbaRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// HSL is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid HSL color.
+func HSL(str string) bool {
+	return hslRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// HSLA is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid HSLA color.
+func HSLA(str string) bool {
+	return hslaRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+func Color(str string) bool {
+	return HEXColor(str) || HSLA(str) || HSL(str) || RGB(str) || RGBA(str)
+}
+
+// Latitude is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid latitude coordinate.
+func Latitude[T any](t T) bool {
+	ref := reflect.ValueOf(t)
+	var v string
+	switch ref.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		v = ref.String()
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		v = strconv.FormatInt(ref.Int(), 10)
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		v = strconv.FormatUint(ref.Uint(), 10)
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		v = strconv.FormatFloat(ref.Float(), 'f', -1, 32)
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		v = strconv.FormatFloat(ref.Float(), 'f', -1, 64)
+	default:
+		//fmt.Errorf("bad ref type %T", ref.Interface())
+		return false
+	}
+	return latitudeRegex.MatchString(v)
+}
+
+// Longitude is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid longitude coordinate.
+func Longitude[T any](t T) bool {
+	ref := reflect.ValueOf(t)
+	var v string
+	switch ref.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		v = ref.String()
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		v = strconv.FormatInt(ref.Int(), 10)
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		v = strconv.FormatUint(ref.Uint(), 10)
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		v = strconv.FormatFloat(ref.Float(), 'f', -1, 32)
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		v = strconv.FormatFloat(ref.Float(), 'f', -1, 64)
+	default:
+		//fmt.Errorf("bad field type %T", ref.Interface())
+		return false
+	}
+	return longitudeRegex.MatchString(v)
+}
+
+// JSON is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid json string.
+func JSON[T any](t T) bool {
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(t)
+	if rv.Type() == nilType {
+		return json.Valid(rv.Bytes())
+	}
+	if rv.Kind() == reflect.String {
+		return json.Valid([]byte(rv.String()))
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func Datetime(str, layout string) bool {
+	_, err := time.Parse(layout, str)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// Timezone is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid time zone string.
+func Timezone(str string) bool {
+	// empty value is converted to UTC by time.LoadLocation but disallow it as it is not a valid time zone name
+	if str == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Local value is converted to the current system time zone by time.LoadLocation but disallow it as it is not a valid time zone name
+	if strings.ToLower(str) == "local" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	_, err := time.LoadLocation(str)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// IPv4 is the validation function for validating if a value is a valid v4 IP address.
+func IPv4(str string) bool {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(str)
+	return ip != nil && ip.To4() != nil
+}
+
+// IPv6 is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid v6 IP address.
+func IPv6(str string) bool {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(str)
+	return ip != nil && ip.To4() == nil
+}
+
+// IP is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid v4 or v6 IP address.
+func IP(str string) bool {
+	ip := net.ParseIP(str)
+	return ip != nil
+}
+
+// MAC is the validation function for validating if the field's value is a valid MAC address.
+func MAC(str string) bool {
+	_, err := net.ParseMAC(str)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// Lowercase is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a lowercase string.
+func Lowercase(str string) bool {
+	if str == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return str == strings.ToLower(str)
+}
+
+// Uppercase is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is an uppercase string.
+func Uppercase(str string) bool {
+	if str == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return str == strings.ToUpper(str)
+}
+
+// Empty checks if a value is empty or not.
+// A value is considered empty if
+// - integer, float: zero
+// - bool: false
+// - string, array: len() == 0
+// - slice, map: nil or len() == 0
+// - interface, pointer: nil or the referenced value is empty
+func Empty[T any](t T) bool {
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(t)
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String, reflect.Array, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
+		return rv.Len() == 0
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return !rv.Bool()
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return rv.Int() == 0
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
+		return rv.Uint() == 0
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return rv.Float() == 0
+	case reflect.Invalid:
+		return true
+	case reflect.Interface, reflect.Ptr:
+		if rv.IsNil() {
+			return true
+		}
+		return Empty(rv.Elem().Interface())
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		v, ok := rv.Interface().(time.Time)
+		if ok && v.IsZero() {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func NotEmpty[T any](t T) bool {
+	return !Empty(t)
+}
+
+func URLEncoded(str string) bool {
+	return uRLEncodedRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+func HTMLEncoded(str string) bool {
+	return hTMLEncodedRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+func HTML(str string) bool {
+	return hTMLRegex.MatchString(str)
+}
+
+// File is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid file path.
+func File(val any) bool {
+	field := reflect.ValueOf(val)
+	switch field.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		fileInfo, err := os.Stat(field.String())
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		return !fileInfo.IsDir()
+	}
+	//fmt.Errorf("bad value type %T", field.Interface())
+	return false
+}
+
+// Dir is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is a valid directory.
+func Dir(val any) bool {
+	field := reflect.ValueOf(val)
+	if field.Kind() == reflect.String {
+		fileInfo, err := os.Stat(field.String())
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		return fileInfo.IsDir()
+	}
+	//fmt.Errorf("bad field type %T", field.Interface())
+	return false
+}
+
+func OneOf(val any, vals []any) bool {
+	//rv := reflect.ValueOf(val)
+	//
+	//var v string
+	//switch rv.Kind() {
+	//case reflect.String:
+	//	v = rv.String()
+	//case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+	//	v = strconv.FormatInt(rv.Int(), 10)
+	//case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+	//	v = strconv.FormatUint(rv.Uint(), 10)
+	//default:
+	//	//fmt.Errorf("Bad rv type %T", rv.Interface())
+	//	return false
+	//}
+	//for i := 0; i < len(vals); i++ {
+	//	if vals[i] == v {
+	//		return true
+	//	}
+	//}
+	if len(vals) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, a := range vals {
+		if Equal(val, a) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func Length(val any, length int, op string) bool {
+	if n := calcLength(val); n == -1 {
+		return false
+	} else {
+		return Compare(n, length, op)
+	}
+}
+
+func LengthBetween(val any, min, max int) bool {
+	if !Compare(min, max, "<") {
+		panic(ErrBadType)
+	} else if n, err := getLength(val, false); err != nil {
+		return false
+	} else {
+		return Compare(n, min, ">=") && Compare(n, max, "<=")
+	}
+}
+
+// Compare intX,floatX value by given op. returns `srcVal op(=,!=,<,<=,>,>=) dstVal`
+//
+// Usage:
+//
+//	compare(2, 3, ">") // false
+//	compare(2, 1.3, ">") // true
+//	compare(2.2, 1.3, ">") // true
+//	compare(2.1, 2, ">") // true
+func Compare(srcVal, dstVal any, op string) bool {
+	srv := reflect.ValueOf(srcVal)
+
+	switch srv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		if srv.Type().ConvertibleTo(timeType) {
+			drv := reflect.ValueOf(dstVal)
+			if drv.Type().ConvertibleTo(timeType) {
+				at := srv.Convert(timeType).Interface().(time.Time)
+				bt := drv.Convert(timeType).Interface().(time.Time)
+				return compTime(at, bt, op)
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		drv := reflect.ValueOf(dstVal)
+		switch drv.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Bool:
+			return compBool(srv.Bool(), drv.Bool(), op)
+		case reflect.String:
+			if bl, err := strconv.ParseBool(drv.String()); err == nil {
+				return compBool(srv.Bool(), bl, op)
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		if srcStr, ok := srcVal.(string); ok {
+			if dstStr, ok2 := dstVal.(string); ok2 {
+				return compString(srcStr, dstStr, op)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+
+		// float
+		if srcFlt, ok := srcVal.(float64); ok {
+			if dstFlt, err := toFloat(dstVal); err == nil {
+				return compNum(srcFlt, dstFlt, op)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+
+		if srcFlt, ok := srcVal.(float32); ok {
+			if dstFlt, err := toFloat(dstVal); err == nil {
+				return compNum(float64(srcFlt), dstFlt, op)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+
+		// as int64
+		if srcInt, err := toInt64(srcVal); err != nil {
+			break
+		} else if dstInt, ex := toInt64(dstVal); ex != nil {
+			break
+		} else {
+			return compNum(srcInt, dstInt, op)
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch op {
+	case "=":
+		return srcVal == dstVal
+	case "!=":
+		return srcVal != dstVal
+	default:
+		//ErrBadType
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// GreaterThan is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is greater than the param's value.
+func GreaterThan(a, b any) bool {
+	return Compare(a, b, ">")
+}
+
+// GreaterEqualThan is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is greater than or equal to the param's value.
+func GreaterEqualThan(a, b any) bool {
+	return Compare(a, b, ">=")
+}
+
+// LessThan is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is less than the param's value.
+func LessThan(a, b any) bool {
+	return Compare(a, b, "<")
+}
+
+// LessEqualThan is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is less than or equal to the param's value.
+func LessEqualThan(a, b any) bool {
+	return Compare(a, b, "<=")
+}
+
+// Equal is the validation function for validating if the current field's value is equal to the param's value.
+func Equal(a, b any) bool {
+	return Compare(a, b, "=")
+}
+
+func NotEqual(a, b any) bool {
+	return Compare(a, b, "!=")
+}
+
+func Between(val, min, max any) bool {
+	if !Compare(min, max, ">") {
+		panic(ErrBadRange)
+	}
+
+	return Compare(val, min, ">=") && Compare(val, max, "<=")
+}
+
+func NotBetween(val, min, max any) bool {
+	if !Compare(min, max, ">") {
+		panic(ErrBadRange)
+	}
+
+	return Compare(val, min, "<") || Compare(val, max, ">")
+}

pkg/is/regexes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package is
+
+import "regexp"
+
+const (
+	alphaRegexString               = "^[a-zA-Z]+$"
+	alphaNumericRegexString        = "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$"
+	alphaUnicodeRegexString        = "^[\\p{L}]+$"
+	alphaUnicodeNumericRegexString = "^[\\p{L}\\p{N}]+$"
+	numericRegexString             = "^[-+]?[0-9]+(?:\\.[0-9]+)?$"
+	numberRegexString              = "^[0-9]+$"
+	hexadecimalRegexString         = "^(0[xX])?[0-9a-fA-F]+$"
+	hexColorRegexString            = "^#(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{3}|[0-9a-fA-F]{4}|[0-9a-fA-F]{6}|[0-9a-fA-F]{8})$"
+	rgbRegexString                 = "^rgb\\(\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])|(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%)\\s*\\)$"
+	rgbaRegexString                = "^rgba\\(\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])|(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%\\s*,\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|1\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])%)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0.[1-9]*)|[01])\\s*\\)$"
+	hslRegexString                 = "^hsl\\(\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|[12]\\d\\d|3[0-5]\\d|360)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*\\)$"
+	hslaRegexString                = "^hsla\\(\\s*(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|[12]\\d\\d|3[0-5]\\d|360)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0|[1-9]\\d?|100)%)\\s*,\\s*(?:(?:0.[1-9]*)|[01])\\s*\\)$"
+	emailRegexString               = "^(?:(?:(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|[!#\\$%&'\\*\\+\\-\\/=\\?\\^_`{\\|}~]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])+(?:\\.([a-zA-Z]|\\d|[!#\\$%&'\\*\\+\\-\\/=\\?\\^_`{\\|}~]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])+)*)|(?:(?:\\x22)(?:(?:(?:(?:\\x20|\\x09)*(?:\\x0d\\x0a))?(?:\\x20|\\x09)+)?(?:(?:[\\x01-\\x08\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x1f\\x7f]|\\x21|[\\x23-\\x5b]|[\\x5d-\\x7e]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(?:(?:[\\x01-\\x09\\x0b\\x0c\\x0d-\\x7f]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}]))))*(?:(?:(?:\\x20|\\x09)*(?:\\x0d\\x0a))?(\\x20|\\x09)+)?(?:\\x22))))@(?:(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|-|\\.|~|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])*(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])))\\.)+(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])|(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])(?:[a-zA-Z]|\\d|-|\\.|~|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])*(?:[a-zA-Z]|[\\x{00A0}-\\x{D7FF}\\x{F900}-\\x{FDCF}\\x{FDF0}-\\x{FFEF}])))\\.?$"
+	e164RegexString                = "^\\+[1-9]?[0-9]{7,14}$"
+	phoneNumberRegexString         = "^(\\+?86)?1[0-9]{10}$"
+	base64RegexString              = "^(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{3}=|[A-Za-z0-9+\\/]{4})$"
+	base64URLRegexString           = "^(?:[A-Za-z0-9-_]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9-_]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9-_]{3}=|[A-Za-z0-9-_]{4})$"
+	uUID3RegexString               = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-3[0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
+	uUID4RegexString               = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-4[0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
+	uUID5RegexString               = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-5[0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
+	uUIDRegexString                = "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
+	uLIDRegexString                = "^[A-HJKMNP-TV-Z0-9]{26}$"
+	md4RegexString                 = "^[0-9a-f]{32}$"
+	md5RegexString                 = "^[0-9a-f]{32}$"
+	sha256RegexString              = "^[0-9a-f]{64}$"
+	sha384RegexString              = "^[0-9a-f]{96}$"
+	sha512RegexString              = "^[0-9a-f]{128}$"
+	aSCIIRegexString               = "^[\x00-\x7F]*$"
+	latitudeRegexString            = "^[-+]?([1-8]?\\d(\\.\\d+)?|90(\\.0+)?)$"
+	longitudeRegexString           = "^[-+]?(180(\\.0+)?|((1[0-7]\\d)|([1-9]?\\d))(\\.\\d+)?)$"
+	uRLEncodedRegexString          = `^(?:[^%]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*$`
+	hTMLEncodedRegexString         = `&#[x]?([0-9a-fA-F]{2})|(&gt)|(&lt)|(&quot)|(&amp)+[;]?`
+	hTMLRegexString                = `<[/]?([a-zA-Z]+).*?>`
+	jWTRegexString                 = "^[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\\.[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\\.[A-Za-z0-9-_]*$"
+	semverRegexString              = `^(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)\.(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-((?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?(?:\+([0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?$` // numbered capture groups https://semver.org/
+)
+
+var (
+	alphaRegex               = regexp.MustCompile(alphaRegexString)
+	alphaNumericRegex        = regexp.MustCompile(alphaNumericRegexString)
+	alphaUnicodeRegex        = regexp.MustCompile(alphaUnicodeRegexString)
+	alphaUnicodeNumericRegex = regexp.MustCompile(alphaUnicodeNumericRegexString)
+	numericRegex             = regexp.MustCompile(numericRegexString)
+	numberRegex              = regexp.MustCompile(numberRegexString)
+	hexadecimalRegex         = regexp.MustCompile(hexadecimalRegexString)
+	hexColorRegex            = regexp.MustCompile(hexColorRegexString)
+	rgbRegex                 = regexp.MustCompile(rgbRegexString)
+	rgbaRegex                = regexp.MustCompile(rgbaRegexString)
+	hslRegex                 = regexp.MustCompile(hslRegexString)
+	hslaRegex                = regexp.MustCompile(hslaRegexString)
+	e164Regex                = regexp.MustCompile(e164RegexString)
+	phoneNumberRegex         = regexp.MustCompile(phoneNumberRegexString)
+	emailRegex               = regexp.MustCompile(emailRegexString)
+	base64Regex              = regexp.MustCompile(base64RegexString)
+	base64URLRegex           = regexp.MustCompile(base64URLRegexString)
+	uUID3Regex               = regexp.MustCompile(uUID3RegexString)
+	uUID4Regex               = regexp.MustCompile(uUID4RegexString)
+	uUID5Regex               = regexp.MustCompile(uUID5RegexString)
+	uUIDRegex                = regexp.MustCompile(uUIDRegexString)
+	uLIDRegex                = regexp.MustCompile(uLIDRegexString)
+	md4Regex                 = regexp.MustCompile(md4RegexString)
+	md5Regex                 = regexp.MustCompile(md5RegexString)
+	sha256Regex              = regexp.MustCompile(sha256RegexString)
+	sha384Regex              = regexp.MustCompile(sha384RegexString)
+	sha512Regex              = regexp.MustCompile(sha512RegexString)
+	aSCIIRegex               = regexp.MustCompile(aSCIIRegexString)
+	latitudeRegex            = regexp.MustCompile(latitudeRegexString)
+	longitudeRegex           = regexp.MustCompile(longitudeRegexString)
+	uRLEncodedRegex          = regexp.MustCompile(uRLEncodedRegexString)
+	hTMLEncodedRegex         = regexp.MustCompile(hTMLEncodedRegexString)
+	hTMLRegex                = regexp.MustCompile(hTMLRegexString)
+	jWTRegex                 = regexp.MustCompile(jWTRegexString)
+	semverRegex              = regexp.MustCompile(semverRegexString)
+)

pkg/is/util.go

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+package is
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrBadType  = errors.New("bad value type")
+	ErrBadRange = errors.New("bad value range")
+
+	timeType = reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{})
+	nilType  = reflect.TypeOf([]byte(nil))
+)
+
+// convert value to float64, return error on failed
+func toFloat(in any) (f64 float64, err error) {
+	switch tVal := in.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		f64 = 0
+	case string:
+		f64, err = strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(tVal), 64)
+	case int:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case int8:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case int16:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case int32:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case int64:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case uint:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case uint8:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case uint16:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case uint32:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case uint64:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case float32:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case float64:
+		f64 = tVal
+	case time.Duration:
+		f64 = float64(tVal)
+	case json.Number:
+		f64, err = tVal.Float64()
+	default:
+		err = ErrBadType
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// convert string to int64, return error on failed
+func toInt64(in any) (i64 int64, err error) {
+	switch tVal := in.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		i64 = 0
+	case string:
+		i64, err = strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(tVal), 10, 0)
+	case int:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case int8:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case int16:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case int32:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case int64:
+		i64 = tVal
+	case uint:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case uint8:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case uint16:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case uint32:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case uint64:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case float32:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case float64:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case time.Duration:
+		i64 = int64(tVal)
+	case json.Number:
+		i64, err = tVal.Int64()
+	default:
+		err = ErrBadType
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// compString compare string, returns the first op second
+func compString(first, second, op string) bool {
+	rs := strings.Compare(first, second)
+	if rs < 0 {
+		return op == "<" || op == "<="
+	} else if rs > 0 {
+		return op == ">" || op == ">="
+	} else {
+		return op == ">=" || op == "<=" || op == "="
+	}
+}
+
+func compTime(first, dstTime time.Time, op string) (ok bool) {
+	switch op {
+	case "<":
+		return first.Before(dstTime)
+	case "<=":
+		return first.Before(dstTime) || first.Equal(dstTime)
+	case ">":
+		return first.After(dstTime)
+	case ">=":
+		return first.After(dstTime) || first.Equal(dstTime)
+	case "=":
+		return first.Equal(dstTime)
+	case "!=":
+		return !first.Equal(dstTime)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func compNum[T int64 | float64 | uint64](first, second T, op string) bool {
+	switch op {
+	case "<":
+		return first < second
+	case "<=":
+		return first <= second
+	case ">":
+		return first > second
+	case ">=":
+		return first >= second
+	case "=":
+		return first == second
+	case "!=":
+		return first != second
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func compBool(first, second bool, op string) bool {
+	return compNum(boo2int(first), boo2int(second), op)
+}
+
+func boo2int(a bool) int64 {
+	if a {
+		return 1
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+// get reflect value length
+func calcLength(val any) int {
+	v := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(val))
+
+	// (u)int use width.
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		return len([]rune(v.String()))
+	case reflect.Map, reflect.Array, reflect.Chan, reflect.Slice:
+		return v.Len()
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
+		return len(strconv.FormatInt(int64(v.Uint()), 10))
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return len(strconv.FormatInt(v.Int(), 10))
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return len(fmt.Sprint(v.Interface()))
+	}
+
+	// cannot get length
+	return -1
+}
+
+func getLength(a any, rune bool) (int, error) {
+	field := reflect.ValueOf(a)
+
+	//if !field.IsValid() || field.IsNil() {
+	//	return 0, nil
+	//}
+
+	switch field.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		if rune {
+			return utf8.RuneCountInString(field.String()), nil
+		}
+		return field.Len(), nil
+
+	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Map, reflect.Array:
+		return field.Len(), nil
+
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if field.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Array {
+			// 类型声明中的长度
+			return field.Type().Elem().Len(), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0, ErrBadType
+}

pkg/rsp/accept.go

@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
-package rsp
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"sort"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-var errInvalidTypeSubtype = "accept: Invalid type '%s'."
-
-// headerAccept represents a parsed headerAccept(-Charset|-Encoding|-Language) header.
-type headerAccept struct {
-	Type, Subtype string
-	Q             float64
-	Extensions    map[string]string
-}
-
-// AcceptSlice is a slice of headerAccept.
-type acceptSlice []headerAccept
-
-func Accepts(header, expect string) bool {
-	_, typeSubtype, err := parseMediaRange(expect)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return accepts(parse(header), typeSubtype[0], typeSubtype[1])
-}
-
-func accepts(slice acceptSlice, typ, sub string) bool {
-	for _, a := range slice {
-		if a.Type != typ {
-			continue
-		}
-		if a.Subtype == "*" || a.Subtype == sub {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// parses a HTTP headerAccept(-Charset|-Encoding|-Language) header and returns
-// AcceptSlice, sorted in decreasing order of preference.  If the header lists
-// multiple types that have the same level of preference (same specificity of
-// type and subtype, same qvalue, and same number of extensions), the type
-// that was listed in the header first comes first in the returned value.
-//
-// See http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14 for more information.
-func parse(header string) acceptSlice {
-	mediaRanges := strings.Split(header, ",")
-	accepted := make(acceptSlice, 0, len(mediaRanges))
-	for _, mediaRange := range mediaRanges {
-		rangeParams, typeSubtype, err := parseMediaRange(mediaRange)
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		accept := headerAccept{
-			Type:       typeSubtype[0],
-			Subtype:    typeSubtype[1],
-			Q:          1.0,
-			Extensions: make(map[string]string),
-		}
-
-		// If there is only one rangeParams, we can stop here.
-		if len(rangeParams) == 1 {
-			accepted = append(accepted, accept)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Validate the rangeParams.
-		validParams := true
-		for _, v := range rangeParams[1:] {
-			nameVal := strings.SplitN(v, "=", 2)
-			if len(nameVal) != 2 {
-				validParams = false
-				break
-			}
-			nameVal[1] = strings.TrimSpace(nameVal[1])
-			if name := strings.TrimSpace(nameVal[0]); name == "q" {
-				qval, err := strconv.ParseFloat(nameVal[1], 64)
-				if err != nil || qval < 0 {
-					validParams = false
-					break
-				}
-				if qval > 1.0 {
-					qval = 1.0
-				}
-				accept.Q = qval
-			} else {
-				accept.Extensions[name] = nameVal[1]
-			}
-		}
-
-		if validParams {
-			accepted = append(accepted, accept)
-		}
-	}
-
-	sort.Sort(accepted)
-	return accepted
-}
-
-// Len implements the Len() method of the Sort interface.
-func (a acceptSlice) Len() int {
-	return len(a)
-}
-
-// Less implements the Less() method of the Sort interface.  Elements are
-// sorted in order of decreasing preference.
-func (a acceptSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	// Higher qvalues come first.
-	if a[i].Q > a[j].Q {
-		return true
-	} else if a[i].Q < a[j].Q {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// Specific types come before wildcard types.
-	if a[i].Type != "*" && a[j].Type == "*" {
-		return true
-	} else if a[i].Type == "*" && a[j].Type != "*" {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// Specific subtypes come before wildcard subtypes.
-	if a[i].Subtype != "*" && a[j].Subtype == "*" {
-		return true
-	} else if a[i].Subtype == "*" && a[j].Subtype != "*" {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// A lot of extensions comes before not a lot of extensions.
-	if len(a[i].Extensions) > len(a[j].Extensions) {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-// Swap implements the Swap() method of the Sort interface.
-func (a acceptSlice) Swap(i, j int) {
-	a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]
-}
-
-// parseMediaRange parses the provided media range, and on success returns the
-// parsed range params and type/subtype pair.
-func parseMediaRange(mediaRange string) (rangeParams, typeSubtype []string, err error) {
-	rangeParams = strings.Split(mediaRange, ";")
-	typeSubtype = strings.Split(rangeParams[0], "/")
-
-	// typeSubtype should have a length of exactly two.
-	if len(typeSubtype) > 2 {
-		err = fmt.Errorf(errInvalidTypeSubtype, rangeParams[0])
-		return
-	} else {
-		typeSubtype = append(typeSubtype, "*")
-	}
-
-	// Sanitize typeSubtype.
-	typeSubtype[0] = strings.TrimSpace(typeSubtype[0])
-	typeSubtype[1] = strings.TrimSpace(typeSubtype[1])
-	if typeSubtype[0] == "" {
-		typeSubtype[0] = "*"
-	}
-	if typeSubtype[1] == "" {
-		typeSubtype[1] = "*"
-	}
-
-	return
-}

pkg/rsp/error.go

@@ -88,6 +88,15 @@ func (e *Error) WithText(text ...string) *Error {
 	return e
 }
 
+func (e *Error) AsProblem(label string) *Problem {
+	return &Problem{
+		Label:    label,
+		Code:     e.code,
+		Message:  e.text,
+		Problems: nil,
+	}
+}
+
 func (e *Error) AsHttpError(code int) *echo.HTTPError {
 	he := echo.NewHTTPError(code, e.text)
 	return he.WithInternal(e)
@@ -100,3 +109,27 @@ func (e *Error) String() string {
 func (e *Error) Error() string {
 	return e.String()
 }
+
+type Problem struct {
+	Label    string                `json:"-"                  xml:"-"`
+	Code     int                   `json:"code"               xml:"code"`
+	Message  string                `json:"message"            xml:"message"`
+	Problems map[string][]*Problem `json:"problems,omitempty" xml:"errors,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (p *Problem) AddSubproblem(err *Problem) {
+	if p.Problems == nil {
+		p.Problems = make(map[string][]*Problem)
+	}
+	if _, ok := p.Problems[err.Label]; !ok {
+		p.Problems[err.Label] = make([]*Problem, 0)
+	}
+	p.Problems[err.Label] = append(p.Problems[err.Label], err)
+}
+
+func (p *Problem) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"label=%s code=%d, message=%v",
+		p.Label, p.Code, p.Message,
+	)
+}

pkg/rsp/error_handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package rsp
+
+import (
+	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
+)
+
+// HTTPErrorHandler 实现 echo.HTTPErrorHandler 函数
+func HTTPErrorHandler(err error, c echo.Context) {
+	if c.Response().Committed {
+		c.Logger().Error(err)
+	} else if err = Fail(c, err); err != nil {
+		c.Logger().Error(err)
+	}
+}

pkg/rsp/handler.go

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-package rsp
-
-import (
-	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
-	"net/http"
-)
-
-// GuardFunc 参数守卫函数前面
-type GuardFunc[T any] func(c echo.Context, req *T) error
-
-// ServeFunc 参数处理函数签名
-type ServeFunc[T any, R any] func(c echo.Context, req *T) (*R, error)
-
-// ServeWithDataFunc 参数处理函数签名，支持自定义数据
-type ServeWithDataFunc[T any, R any, O any] func(c echo.Context, req *T, opt O) (*R, error)
-
-// RespondFunc 数据响应函数前面
-type RespondFunc[R any] func(c echo.Context, res *R) error
-
-// Handle 通用 CRUD 函数构造器，具体参数与函数 HandleWithData 保持一致
-func Handle[T any, R any](guard GuardFunc[T], serve ServeFunc[T, R], respond ...RespondFunc[R]) echo.HandlerFunc {
-	return HandleWithData[T, R, any](guard, func(c echo.Context, req *T, opt any) (*R, error) {
-		return serve(c, req)
-	}, nil, respond...)
-}
-
-// HandleWithData 通用 CRUD 函数构造器，可以预置数据
-//
-// 参数 guard 可以为空值，表示无参数守卫；
-// 参数 serve 必传；
-// 参数 data 为自定义数据，该值最好不可被修改；
-// 参数 respond 为自定义响应函数，若未指定，内部将使用 Ok 或 Created 来响应结果。
-func HandleWithData[T any, R any, D any](guard GuardFunc[T], serve ServeWithDataFunc[T, R, D], data D, respond ...RespondFunc[R]) echo.HandlerFunc {
-	if serve == nil {
-		panic("miss ServeFunc")
-	}
-	return func(c echo.Context) error {
-		var req T
-		if err := c.Bind(&req); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := c.Validate(&req); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if guard != nil {
-			err := guard(c, &req)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		res, err := serve(c, &req, data)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		for _, send := range respond {
-			if send != nil {
-				return send(c, res)
-			}
-		}
-		// 我们认为凡是 PUT 请求，都是创建数据
-		// 所以这里使用 Created 函数来响应数据。
-		if c.Request().Method == http.MethodPut {
-			return Created(c, res)
-		}
-		return Ok(c, res)
-	}
-}
-
-func Bind[T any](c echo.Context, guards ...GuardFunc[T]) (*T, error) {
-	var req T
-	if err := c.Bind(&req); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if err := c.Validate(&req); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	for _, guard := range guards {
-		if err := guard(c, &req); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return &req, nil
-}

pkg/rsp/negotiator.go

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+package rsp
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type cache struct {
+	hint  int
+	slice AcceptSlice
+}
+
+// Negotiator An HTTP content negotiator
+//
+//	Accept: <MIME_type>/<MIME_subtype>
+//	Accept: <MIME_type>/*
+//	Accept: */*
+//	Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml;q=0.9, image/webp, */*;q=0.8
+type Negotiator struct {
+	capacity int // for cache
+	caches   map[string]*cache
+}
+
+func NewNegotiator(capacity int) *Negotiator {
+	if capacity <= 0 {
+		capacity = 10
+	}
+	return &Negotiator{
+		capacity: capacity,
+		caches:   make(map[string]*cache),
+	}
+}
+
+func (n *Negotiator) Slice(header string) AcceptSlice {
+	if c, ok := n.caches[header]; ok {
+		c.hint++
+		return c.slice
+	}
+	if len(n.caches) >= n.capacity {
+		var s string
+		var hint int
+		for i, x := range n.caches {
+			if hint == 0 || hint < x.hint {
+				hint = x.hint
+				s = i
+			}
+		}
+		delete(n.caches, s)
+	}
+	slice := newSlice(header)
+	n.caches[header] = &cache{1, slice}
+	return slice
+}
+
+func (n *Negotiator) Is(header string, expects ...string) bool {
+	return n.Slice(header).Is(expects...)
+}
+
+func (n *Negotiator) Type(header string, expects ...string) string {
+	return n.Slice(header).Type(expects...)
+}
+
+// Accept represents a parsed `Accept` header.
+type Accept struct {
+	Type, Subtype string
+	Q             float64
+	mime          string
+}
+
+func (a *Accept) Mime() string {
+	if a.mime == "" {
+		a.mime = a.Type + "/" + a.Subtype
+	}
+	return a.mime
+}
+
+// AcceptSlice is a slice of accept.
+type AcceptSlice []Accept
+
+// newSlice parses an HTTP Accept header and returns AcceptSlice, sorted in
+// decreasing order of preference.  If the header lists multiple types that
+// have the same level of preference (same specificity of a type and subtype,
+// same qvalue, and same number of extensions), the type that was listed
+// in the header first comes in the returned value.
+//
+// See http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14 for more information.
+func newSlice(header string) AcceptSlice {
+	mediaRanges := strings.Split(header, ",")
+	accepted := make(AcceptSlice, 0, len(mediaRanges))
+	for _, mediaRange := range mediaRanges {
+		rangeParams, typeSubtype, err := parseMediaRange(mediaRange)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		item := Accept{
+			Type:    typeSubtype[0],
+			Subtype: typeSubtype[1],
+			Q:       1.0,
+		}
+		// If there is only one rangeParams, we can stop here.
+		if len(rangeParams) == 1 {
+			accepted = append(accepted, item)
+			continue
+		}
+		// Validate the rangeParams.
+		validParams := true
+		for _, v := range rangeParams[1:] {
+			nameVal := strings.SplitN(v, "=", 2)
+			if len(nameVal) != 2 {
+				validParams = false
+				break
+			}
+			nameVal[1] = strings.TrimSpace(nameVal[1])
+			if name := strings.TrimSpace(nameVal[0]); name == "q" {
+				qval, err := strconv.ParseFloat(nameVal[1], 64)
+				if err != nil || qval < 0 {
+					validParams = false
+					break
+				}
+				if qval > 1.0 {
+					qval = 1.0
+				}
+				item.Q = qval
+				//break // 不跳过，检查 validParams
+			}
+		}
+		if validParams {
+			accepted = append(accepted, item)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Sort(accepted)
+	return accepted
+}
+
+// Len implements the Len() method of the Sort interface.
+func (a AcceptSlice) Len() int {
+	return len(a)
+}
+
+// Less implements the Less() method of the Sort interface.  Elements are
+// sorted in order of decreasing preference.
+func (a AcceptSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	// Higher qvalues come first.
+	if a[i].Q > a[j].Q {
+		return true
+	} else if a[i].Q < a[j].Q {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Specific types come before wildcard types.
+	if a[i].Type != "*" && a[j].Type == "*" {
+		return true
+	} else if a[i].Type == "*" && a[j].Type != "*" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Specific subtypes come before wildcard subtypes.
+	if a[i].Subtype != "*" && a[j].Subtype == "*" {
+		return true
+	} else if a[i].Subtype == "*" && a[j].Subtype != "*" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// Swap implements the Swap() method of the Sort interface.
+func (a AcceptSlice) Swap(i, j int) {
+	a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]
+}
+
+func (a AcceptSlice) Is(expect ...string) bool {
+	for _, e := range expect {
+		for _, s := range a {
+			if e == s.Mime() {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (a AcceptSlice) Type(expects ...string) string {
+	if len(expects) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var fuzzies [][2]string
+	for _, expect := range expects {
+		switch expect {
+		case "html":
+			if a.Is(echo.MIMETextHTML) {
+				return expect
+			}
+			fuzzies = append(fuzzies, [2]string{expect, "text/*"})
+		case "json":
+			if a.Is(echo.MIMEApplicationJSON) {
+				return expect
+			}
+			fuzzies = append(fuzzies, [2]string{expect, "text/*"})
+		case "jsonp":
+			if a.Is(echo.MIMEApplicationJavaScript) {
+				return expect
+			}
+		case "xml":
+			if a.Is(echo.MIMEApplicationXML, echo.MIMETextXML) {
+				return expect
+			}
+			fuzzies = append(fuzzies, [2]string{expect, "text/*"})
+		case "form":
+			if a.Is(echo.MIMEMultipartForm, echo.MIMEApplicationForm) {
+				return expect
+			}
+		case "protobuf":
+			if a.Is(echo.MIMEApplicationProtobuf) {
+				return expect
+			}
+		case "msgpack":
+			if a.Is(echo.MIMEApplicationMsgpack) {
+				return expect
+			}
+		case "text", "string":
+			if a.Is(echo.MIMETextPlain) {
+				return expect
+			}
+		default:
+			_, typeSubtype, err := parseMediaRange(expect)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if a.Is(typeSubtype[0] + "/" + typeSubtype[1]) {
+				return expect
+			}
+			//if typeSubtype[0] == "text" {
+			//	fuzzies = append(fuzzies, [2]string{expect, "text/*"})
+			//}
+			fuzzies = append(fuzzies, [2]string{expect, typeSubtype[0] + "/*"})
+		}
+	}
+	if fuzzies != nil {
+		for _, f := range fuzzies {
+			if a.Is(f[1]) {
+				return f[0]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if a.Is("*/*") {
+		return expects[0]
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// parseMediaRange parses the provided media range, and on success returns the
+// parsed range params and type/subtype pair.
+func parseMediaRange(mediaRange string) (rangeParams, typeSubtype []string, err error) {
+	rangeParams = strings.Split(mediaRange, ";")
+	typeSubtype = strings.Split(rangeParams[0], "/")
+	// typeSubtype should have a length of exactly two.
+	if len(typeSubtype) > 2 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("go-slim.dev/slim: invalid accept type '%s'", rangeParams[0])
+		return
+	} else {
+		typeSubtype = append(typeSubtype, "*")
+	}
+	// Sanitize typeSubtype.
+	typeSubtype[0] = strings.TrimSpace(typeSubtype[0])
+	typeSubtype[1] = strings.TrimSpace(typeSubtype[1])
+	if typeSubtype[0] == "" {
+		typeSubtype[0] = "*"
+	}
+	if typeSubtype[1] == "" {
+		typeSubtype[1] = "*"
+	}
+	return
+}

pkg/rsp/respond_utils.go

@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
 	"net/http"
+	"runtime"
+	"sorbet/pkg/v"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -13,6 +16,8 @@ var (
 	HtmlMarshaller       func(map[string]any) (string, error)
 	JsonpCallbacks       []string
 	DefaultJsonpCallback string
+
+	negotiator *Negotiator
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -20,6 +25,7 @@ func init() {
 	HtmlMarshaller = toText
 	JsonpCallbacks = []string{"callback", "cb", "jsonp"}
 	DefaultJsonpCallback = "callback"
+	negotiator = NewNegotiator(10)
 }
 
 func toText(m map[string]any) (string, error) {
@@ -104,60 +110,84 @@ func respond(c echo.Context, o *response) error {
 		}
 	}()
 
+	// 返回的数据
 	m := map[string]any{
 		"code":    nil,
 		"success": false,
 		"message": o.message,
 	}
-	var err *Error
-	if errors.As(o.err, &err) {
-		m["code"] = err.code
-		m["message"] = err.text
-		m["success"] = errors.Is(err, ErrOK)
+	var success bool
+	if err, ok := o.err.(*v.Errors); ok {
+		pb := &Problem{}
+		for _, e := range err.All() {
+			pb.AddSubproblem(ErrBadParams.WithText(e.Error()).AsProblem(e.Field()))
+		}
+		m["code"] = ErrBadParams.code
+		m["message"] = ErrBadParams.text
+		m["problems"] = pb.Problems
+	} else if ex, yes := o.err.(*Error); yes {
+		m["code"] = ex.code
+		m["message"] = ex.text
+		success = errors.Is(ex, ErrOK)
+	} else if pb, okay := o.err.(*Problem); okay {
+		m["code"] = pb.Code
+		m["message"] = pb.Message
+		m["problems"] = pb.Problems
 	} else if o.err != nil {
 		m["code"] = ErrInternal.code
 		m["message"] = o.err.Error()
 	} else {
+		success = true
 		m["code"] = 0
-		m["success"] = true
 		if o.data != nil {
-			if v, ok := o.data.(RespondValuer); ok {
-				m["data"] = v.RespondValue()
+			if val, ok := o.data.(RespondValuer); ok {
+				m["data"] = val.RespondValue()
 			} else {
 				m["data"] = o.data
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	m["success"] = success
+	if !success && c.Echo().Debug {
+		m["error"] = relevantCaller()
+	}
 	if m["message"] == "" {
 		m["message"] = http.StatusText(o.code)
 	}
-
+	// 如果已经输出过，就忽略
 	if c.Response().Committed {
 		return nil
 	}
-
+	// 设置报头
 	if o.headers != nil {
 		header := c.Response().Header()
 		for key, value := range o.headers {
 			header.Set(key, value)
 		}
 	}
-
+	// 设置 cookie
 	if o.cookies != nil {
 		for _, cookie := range o.cookies {
 			c.SetCookie(cookie)
 		}
 	}
-
+	// HEAD 请求没有结果
 	r := c.Request()
 	if r.Method == http.MethodHead {
 		return c.NoContent(o.code)
 	}
-
-	slice := parse(r.Header.Get("Accept"))
-	for _, a := range slice {
-		switch x := a.Type + "/" + a.Subtype; x {
-		case echo.MIMEApplicationJavaScript:
+	// 根据报头响应不同的格式
+	accept := r.Header.Get(echo.HeaderAccept)
+	switch negotiator.Type(accept, "html", "json", "jsonp", "xml", "text", "text/*") {
+	case "html":
+		if html, err := HtmlMarshaller(m); err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else {
+			return c.HTML(o.code, html)
+		}
+	case "json":
+		return c.JSON(o.code, m)
+	case "jsonp":
 		qs := c.Request().URL.Query()
 		for _, name := range JsonpCallbacks {
 			if cb := qs.Get(name); cb != "" {
@@ -165,27 +195,32 @@ func respond(c echo.Context, o *response) error {
 			}
 		}
 		return c.JSONP(o.code, DefaultJsonpCallback, m)
-		case echo.MIMEApplicationJSON:
-			return c.JSON(o.code, m)
-		case echo.MIMEApplicationXML, echo.MIMETextXML:
+	case "xml":
 		return c.XML(o.code, m)
-		case echo.MIMETextHTML:
-			if html, err := HtmlMarshaller(m); err != nil {
-				return err
-			} else {
-				return c.HTML(o.code, html)
-			}
-		case echo.MIMETextPlain:
+	case "text", "text/*":
 		if text, err := TextMarshaller(m); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else {
 			return c.String(o.code, text)
 		}
 	}
-	}
 	return c.JSON(o.code, m)
 }
 
+func relevantCaller() []string {
+	pc := make([]uintptr, 16)
+	n := runtime.Callers(1, pc)
+	frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pc[:n])
+	var traces []string
+	for {
+		frame, more := frames.Next()
+		traces = append(traces, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s:%d", frame.File, frame.Func.Name(), frame.Line))
+		if !more {
+			return traces
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func Respond(c echo.Context, opts ...Option) error {
 	o := response{code: http.StatusOK}
 	for _, option := range opts {

pkg/v/error.go

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package v
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var emptyErrors []*Error
+
+func init() {
+	emptyErrors = make([]*Error, 0)
+}
+
+// Error 验证错误结构体
+type Error struct {
+	error  error
+	code   string
+	format string
+	params map[string]any
+	field  string
+	label  string
+	value  any
+}
+
+// ErrorOption 错误配置函数签名
+type ErrorOption func(*Error)
+
+func merge(options []ErrorOption, presets ...ErrorOption) []ErrorOption {
+	return append(presets, options...)
+}
+
+// NewError 创建错误实例
+func NewError(code string, options ...ErrorOption) *Error {
+	e := Error{code: code}
+	for _, option := range options {
+		option(&e)
+	}
+	return &e
+}
+
+// ErrorFormat 设置错误格式化字符串
+func ErrorFormat(format string) ErrorOption {
+	return func(e *Error) {
+		e.format = format
+	}
+}
+
+// ErrorParam 设置验证参数
+func ErrorParam(key string, value any) ErrorOption {
+	return func(e *Error) {
+		if e.params == nil {
+			e.params = make(map[string]any)
+		}
+		e.params[key] = value
+	}
+}
+
+// ErrorCode 设置错误代码
+func ErrorCode(code string) ErrorOption {
+	return func(e *Error) {
+		e.code = code
+	}
+}
+
+// Code 返回错误代码
+func (e *Error) Code() string {
+	return e.code
+}
+
+// Format 返回错误格式化模板
+func (e *Error) Format() string {
+	return e.format
+}
+
+// Params 返回错误格式化蚕食
+func (e *Error) Params() map[string]any {
+	p := map[string]any{}
+	if e.params != nil {
+		for k, v := range e.params {
+			p[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+// Field 返回字段名
+func (e *Error) Field() string {
+	return e.field
+}
+
+// Label 返回错误标签
+func (e *Error) Label() string {
+	return e.label
+}
+
+// Value 返回用于验证的值
+func (e *Error) Value() any {
+	return e.value
+}
+
+// String 实现 fmt.Stringer 接口，返回格式化后的字符串
+func (e *Error) String() string {
+	message := e.format
+	params := e.Params()
+	params["label"] = e.label
+	params["value"] = e.value
+	//params["field"] = e.field
+	// 定义了消息或翻译函数
+	if t, found := translations[e.code]; found {
+		if message == "" {
+			message = t.message
+		}
+		if t.trans != nil {
+			return t.trans(message, params)
+		}
+	}
+	// 设置了默认翻译函数
+	if defaultTranslator != nil {
+		return defaultTranslator(message, params)
+	}
+	for key, value := range params {
+		message = strings.ReplaceAll(message, "{"+key+"}", fmt.Sprintf("%v", value))
+	}
+	return message
+}
+
+// Error 实现内置错误接口（优先使用内部错误）
+func (e *Error) Error() string {
+	if e.error != nil {
+		return e.error.Error()
+	}
+	return e.String()
+}
+
+// Errors 错误集
+type Errors struct {
+	errors []*Error
+}
+
+// IsEmpty 是否存在错误
+func (e *Errors) IsEmpty() bool {
+	if e == nil || e.errors == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return len(e.errors) == 0
+}
+
+// Add 添加一个错误
+func (e *Errors) Add(err error) {
+	if err == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if e.errors == nil {
+		e.errors = make([]*Error, 0)
+	}
+	if ex, ok := err.(*Errors); ok {
+		if !ex.IsEmpty() {
+			e.errors = append(e.errors, ex.errors...)
+		}
+	} else if ex, ok := err.(*Error); ok && ex != nil {
+		e.errors = append(e.errors, ex)
+	} else {
+		e.errors = append(e.errors, &Error{error: err})
+	}
+}
+
+// First 返回第一个错误实例，如果不存在则返回 nil
+func (e *Errors) First() *Error {
+	if e.IsEmpty() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return e.errors[0]
+}
+
+// Get 获取指定标签的错误列表，如果不存在将返回 nil
+func (e *Errors) Get(field string) []*Error {
+	if e.IsEmpty() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	errs := make([]*Error, 0)
+	for _, err := range e.errors {
+		if err.field == field {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		return errs
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *Errors) All() []*Error {
+	if e == nil {
+		return emptyErrors
+	}
+	return e.errors
+}
+
+// ToMap 根据错误标签分组
+func (e *Errors) ToMap() map[string][]*Error {
+	if e == nil || e.IsEmpty() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	errs := map[string][]*Error{}
+	for _, err := range e.errors {
+		if _, ok := errs[err.field]; !ok {
+			errs[err.field] = []*Error{}
+		}
+		errs[err.field] = append(errs[err.field], err)
+	}
+	return errs
+}
+
+func (e *Errors) String() string {
+	errsMap := e.ToMap()
+	if errsMap == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var errors []string
+	for _, errs := range errsMap {
+		buf := strings.Builder{}
+		for i, err := range errs {
+			if i > 0 {
+				buf.WriteString("\n")
+			}
+			buf.WriteString(err.String())
+		}
+		errors = append(errors, buf.String())
+	}
+	return strings.Join(errors, "\n")
+}
+
+func (e *Errors) Error() string {
+	return e.String()
+}
+
+func isBuiltinError(err error) bool {
+	if _, ok := err.(*Error); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, ok := err.(*Errors); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

pkg/v/matcher.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package v
+
+type Matcher struct {
+	field    string
+	label    string
+	value    any
+	branches []branch
+	fallback func(valuer *Valuer) error
+	compare  func(a, b any) bool
+}
+
+type branch struct {
+	value  any
+	handle func(valuer *Valuer) error
+}
+
+func Match(value any, field, label string) *Matcher {
+	return &Matcher{
+		field:    field,
+		label:    label,
+		value:    value,
+		branches: []branch{},
+		fallback: nil,
+		compare:  func(a, b any) bool { return a == b },
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Matcher) Branch(value any, handle func(valuer *Valuer) error) *Matcher {
+	m.branches = append(m.branches, branch{value: value, handle: handle})
+	return m
+}
+
+func (m *Matcher) Fallback(handle func(valuer *Valuer) error) *Matcher {
+	m.fallback = handle
+	return m
+}
+
+func (m *Matcher) Validate() error {
+	for _, b := range m.branches {
+		if m.compare(m.value, b.value) {
+			valuer := Value(m.value, m.field, m.label)
+			return b.handle(valuer)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if m.fallback != nil {
+		valuer := Value(m.value, m.field, m.label)
+		return m.fallback(valuer)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/v/translations.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package v
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+// Translator 翻译函数签名
+type Translator func(message string, params map[string]any) string
+
+var (
+	// 默认翻译函数
+	defaultTranslator Translator
+	// 预置的翻译信息
+	translations = map[string]struct {
+		message string
+		trans   Translator
+	}{
+		"required":                {message: "{label}为必填字段"},
+		"required_if":             {message: "{label}为必填字段"},
+		"typeof":                  {trans: typeof},
+		"is_email":                {message: "{label}不是有效的电子邮箱地址"},
+		"is_e164":                 {message: "{label}不是有效的 e.164 手机号码"},
+		"is_phone_number":         {message: "{label}不是有效的手机号码"},
+		"is_url":                  {message: "{label}不是有效的链接"},
+		"is_url_encoded":          {message: "{label}不是有效的链接"},
+		"is_base64_url":           {message: "{label}不是有效的BASE64链接"},
+		"is_semver":               {message: "{label}不是有效的语义化版本号"},
+		"is_jwt":                  {message: "{label}不是有效的权限令牌"},
+		"is_uuid":                 {message: "{label}不是有效的UUID字符串"},
+		"is_uuid3":                {message: "{label}不是有效的V3版UUID字符串"},
+		"is_uuid4":                {message: "{label}不是有效的V4版UUID字符串"},
+		"is_uuid5":                {message: "{label}不是有效的V5版UUID字符串"},
+		"is_ulid":                 {message: "{label}不是有效的ULID字符串"},
+		"is_md4":                  {message: ""},
+		"is_md5":                  {message: ""},
+		"is_sha256":               {message: ""},
+		"is_sha384":               {message: ""},
+		"is_sha512":               {message: ""},
+		"is_ascii":                {message: "{label}只能包含ASCII字符"},
+		"is_alpha":                {message: "{label}只能包含字母"},
+		"is_alphanumeric":         {message: "{label}只能包含字母和数字"},
+		"is_alpha_unicode":        {message: "{label}只能包含字母和Unicode字符"},
+		"is_alphanumeric_unicode": {message: "{label}只能包含字母数字和Unicode字符"},
+		"is_numeric":              {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的数值"},
+		"is_number":               {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的数字"},
+		"is_bool":                 {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的布尔值"},
+		"is_hexadecimal":          {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的十六进制"},
+		"is_hexcolor":             {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的十六进制颜色"},
+		"is_rgb":                  {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的RGB颜色"},
+		"is_rgba":                 {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的RGBA颜色"},
+		"is_hsl":                  {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的RGB颜色"},
+		"is_hsla":                 {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的HSLA颜色"},
+		"is_color":                {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的颜色"},
+		"is_latitude":             {message: "{label}必须包含有效的纬度坐标"},
+		"is_longitude":            {message: "{label}必须包含有效的经度坐标"},
+		"is_json":                 {message: "{label}必须是一个JSON字符串"},
+		"is_base64":               {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的Base64字符串"},
+		"is_html":                 {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的网页内容"},
+		"is_html_encoded":         {message: "{label}必须是一个被转义的网页内容"},
+		"is_datetime":             {message: "{label}的格式必须是{layout}"},
+		"is_timezone":             {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的时区"},
+		"is_ipv4":                 {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的IPv4地址"},
+		"is_ipv6":                 {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的IPv6地址"},
+		"is_ip":                   {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的IP地址"},
+		"is_mac":                  {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的MAC地址"},
+		"is_file":                 {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的文件"},
+		"is_dir":                  {message: "{label}必须是一个有效的目录"},
+		"is_lower":                {message: "{label}必须是小写字母"},
+		"is_upper":                {message: "{label}必须是大写字母"},
+		"contains":                {message: "{label}必须包含文本'{substr}'"},
+		"contains_any":            {message: "{label}必须包含至少一个以下字符'{chars}'"},
+		"contains_rune":           {message: "{label}必须包含字符'{rune}'"},
+		"excludes":                {message: "{label}不能包含文本'{substr}'"},
+		"excludes_all":            {message: "{label}不能包含以下任何字符'{chars}'"},
+		"excludes_rune":           {message: "{label}不能包含'{rune}'"},
+		"ends_with":               {message: "{label}必须以文本'{suffix}'结尾"},
+		"ends_not_with":           {message: "{label}不能以文本'{suffix}'结尾"},
+		"starts_with":             {message: "{label}必须以文本'{prefix}'开头"},
+		"starts_not_with":         {message: "{label}不能以文本'{prefix}'开头"},
+		"one_of":                  {message: "{label}必须是[{items}]中的一个"},
+		"not_empty":               {message: "{label}不能为空"},
+		"length":                  {message: "{label}长度必须是{length}"},
+		"min_length":              {message: "{label}最小长度为{min}"},
+		"max_length":              {message: "max_length"},
+		"length_between":          {message: "{label}长度必须大于或等于{min}且小于或等于{max}"},
+		"greater_than":            {message: "{label}必须大于{min}"},
+		"greater_equal_than":      {message: "{label}必须大于或等于{min}"},
+		"equal":                   {message: "{label}必须等于{another}"},
+		"not_equal":               {message: "{label}不能等于{another}"},
+		"less_equal_than":         {message: "{label}必须小于或等于{max}"},
+		"less_than":               {message: "{label}必须小于{max}"},
+		"between":                 {message: "{label}必须大于或等于{min}且小于或等于{max}"},
+		"not_between":             {message: "{label}必须小于{min}或大于{max}"},
+		"some":                    {message: "{label}至少有一个子项通过验证"},
+		"every":                   {message: "{label}的所有子项必须通过验证"},
+		"entity_exists":           {message: "{label}不存在"},
+		"entity_not_exists":       {message: "{label}已经存在"},
+		"index_by":                {message: "参数不完整"},
+	}
+
+	types = map[reflect.Kind]string{
+		reflect.Bool:       "布尔值",
+		reflect.Int:        "整数",
+		reflect.Int8:       "整数",
+		reflect.Int16:      "整数",
+		reflect.Int32:      "整数",
+		reflect.Int64:      "整数",
+		reflect.Uint:       "正整数",
+		reflect.Uint8:      "正整数",
+		reflect.Uint16:     "正整数",
+		reflect.Uint32:     "正整数",
+		reflect.Uint64:     "正整数",
+		reflect.Uintptr:    "正整数",
+		reflect.Float32:    "浮点数",
+		reflect.Float64:    "浮点数",
+		reflect.Complex64:  "复数",
+		reflect.Complex128: "复数",
+		reflect.Array:      "数组",
+		reflect.Map:        "字典(Mapper)",
+		reflect.Slice:      "切片(Slice)",
+		reflect.String:     "字符串",
+		reflect.Struct:     "结构体",
+	}
+)
+
+func typeof(_ string, params map[string]any) string {
+	kind := params["kind"].(reflect.Kind)
+	if msg, ok := types[kind]; ok {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s不是有效的%s", params["label"], msg)
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s格式验证失败", params["label"])
+	}
+}
+
+// SetDefaultTranslator 设置默认翻译函数
+func SetDefaultTranslator(translator Translator) {
+	defaultTranslator = translator
+}
+
+// DefaultTranslator 返回默认翻译函数
+func DefaultTranslator() Translator {
+	return defaultTranslator
+}

pkg/v/v.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package v
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sorbet/pkg/is"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Validatable 验证功能接口
+type Validatable interface {
+	Validate() error
+}
+
+// Checker 功能验证函数签名
+type Checker func() error
+
+// Validate 实现 Validatable 接口
+func (c Checker) Validate() error {
+	return c()
+}
+
+// Wrap 将值和值的验证函数包装成验证器
+func Wrap(value any, check func(any) error) Checker {
+	return func() error {
+		return check(value)
+	}
+}
+
+// Every 每一项都要验证通过
+func Every(validators ...Validatable) Checker {
+	return func() error {
+		for _, validator := range validators {
+			if err := validator.Validate(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// Some 任意一项验证通过即可
+func Some(validators ...Validatable) Checker {
+	return func() error {
+		errs := &Errors{}
+		var hasOk bool
+		for _, validator := range validators {
+			err := validator.Validate()
+			if err != nil {
+				errs.Add(err)
+			} else {
+				hasOk = true
+			}
+		}
+		if hasOk || errs.IsEmpty() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		buf := strings.Builder{}
+		buf.WriteString("一下错误至少满足一项：\n")
+		for _, line := range strings.Split(errs.Error(), "\n") {
+			buf.WriteString("  " + line + "\n")
+		}
+		return errors.New(strings.TrimSpace(buf.String()))
+	}
+}
+
+// Validate 执行多个验证器
+func Validate(validations ...Validatable) error {
+	var errs Errors
+	for _, validation := range validations {
+		if validation == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := validation.Validate(); err != nil {
+			errs.Add(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if errs.IsEmpty() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &errs
+}
+
+// IndexBy 分组验证，只要其中一组验证通过就返回
+func IndexBy(index *int, values [][]any, options ...ErrorOption) Checker {
+	return func() error {
+		for i, items := range values {
+			count := 0
+			for _, item := range items {
+				if is.Empty(item) {
+					break
+				}
+				count++
+			}
+			if count > 0 && count == len(items) {
+				*index = i
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		return NewError("index_by", options...)
+	}
+}
+
+// Map 通过 map 构建值验证器
+func Map(data map[string]any) func(name, label string) *Valuer {
+	return func(name, label string) *Valuer {
+		if val, ok := data[name]; ok {
+			return Value(val, name, label)
+		} else {
+			return Value(nil, name, label)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/v/valuer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+package v
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"sorbet/pkg/is"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Ruler 规则验证函数签名
+type Ruler func(any) error
+
+// Valuer 基本值验证器
+type Valuer struct {
+	field    string    // 字段名称，如：username
+	label    string    // 数据标签，对应字段名，如：用户名
+	value    any       // 参与验证的值
+	requires []Checker // 空值验证器列表
+	rules    []Ruler   // 参与验证的规则列表
+}
+
+// Value 创建一条验证器
+func Value(value any, field, label string) *Valuer {
+	return &Valuer{
+		field:    field,
+		label:    label,
+		value:    value,
+		requires: []Checker{},
+		rules:    []Ruler{},
+	}
+}
+
+// Validate 实现验证器接口
+func (v *Valuer) Validate() error {
+	if is.Empty(v.value) {
+		for _, require := range v.requires {
+			if err := require(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// simple nil
+	value := v.value
+	if value == nil {
+		return nil
+	} else if reflect.TypeOf(value).Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		rv := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+		if rv.IsNil() {
+			return nil
+		} else {
+			value = rv.Elem().Interface()
+		}
+	}
+
+	// call rules
+	for _, rule := range v.rules {
+		if err := rule(value); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) mistake(err error, options ...ErrorOption) *Error {
+	if m, ok := err.(*Error); ok {
+		return m
+	}
+	e := &Error{error: err}
+	e.field = v.field
+	e.label = v.label
+	e.value = v.value
+	for _, option := range options {
+		option(e)
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) newError(code string, options []ErrorOption) *Error {
+	e := NewError(code, options...)
+	e.label = v.label
+	e.value = v.value
+	e.field = v.field
+	return e
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) addRule(rule Ruler) *Valuer {
+	v.rules = append(v.rules, rule)
+	return v
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) simple(code string, check func(any) bool, options []ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.addRule(func(val any) error {
+		if check(val) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return v.newError(code, options)
+	})
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) string(code string, check func(string) bool, options []ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(code, func(a any) bool { return check(toString(a)) }, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Custom(code string, check func(val any) any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	v.rules = append(v.rules, func(val any) error {
+		if res := check(val); res == false {
+			return v.newError(code, options) // 验证失败
+		} else if res == true || res == nil {
+			return nil // 验证成功
+		} else if err, ok := res.(error); ok {
+			if isBuiltinError(err) {
+				return err
+			}
+			m := v.newError(code, options)
+			m.error = err
+			//if str := err.Error(); m.format != "" && str != "" {
+			//	m.format = fmt.Sprintf("%s(%s)", m.format, str)
+			//}
+			return m
+		} else {
+			panic("must return a bool, a nil or a error pointer")
+		}
+	})
+	return v
+}
+
+// Required 值是否必须（值不为空）
+func (v *Valuer) Required(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	v.requires = append(v.requires, func() error {
+		return v.newError("required", options)
+	})
+	return v
+}
+
+// RequiredIf 满足条件必须
+func (v *Valuer) RequiredIf(condition bool, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	v.requires = append(v.requires, func() error {
+		if condition {
+			return v.newError("required_if", options)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return v
+}
+
+// RequiredWith 依赖其它值判断是否必须
+func (v *Valuer) RequiredWith(values []any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	v.requires = append(v.requires, func() error {
+		for _, value := range values {
+			if !is.Empty(value) {
+				return v.newError("required_with", options)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return v
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) When(condition bool, then func(*Valuer)) *Valuer {
+	if condition && then != nil {
+		v.addRule(func(a any) error {
+			x := Value(v.value, v.field, v.label)
+			then(x)
+			return x.Validate()
+		})
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Match(handle func(m *Matcher)) *Valuer {
+	return v.addRule(func(a any) error {
+		m := Match(v.value, v.field, v.label)
+		handle(m)
+		return m.Validate()
+	})
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Typeof(kind reflect.Kind, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.addRule(func(val any) error {
+		if reflect.TypeOf(val).Kind() != kind {
+			options = merge(options, ErrorParam("kind", kind))
+			return v.newError("typeof", options)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsString(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	options = append(options, ErrorCode("is_string"))
+	return v.Typeof(reflect.String, options...)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsEmail(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_email", is.Email, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsE164(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_e164", is.E164, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsPhoneNumber(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_phone_number", is.PhoneNumber, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsURL(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_url", is.URL, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsURLEncoded(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_url_encoded", is.URLEncoded, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsBase64URL(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_base64_url", is.Base64URL, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsSemver(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_semver", is.Semver, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsJwt(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_jwt", is.JWT, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsUUID(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_uuid", is.UUID, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsUUID5(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_uuid5", is.UUID5, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsUUID4(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_uuid4", is.UUID4, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsUUID3(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_uuid3", is.UUID3, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsULID(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_ulid", is.ULID, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsMD4(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_md4", is.MD4, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsMD5(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_md5", is.MD5, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsSHA256(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_sha256", is.SHA256, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsSHA384(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_sha384", is.SHA384, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsSHA512(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_sha512", is.SHA512, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsAscii(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_ascii", is.ASCII, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsAlpha(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_alpha", is.Alpha, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsAlphanumeric(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_alphanumeric", is.Alphanumeric, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsAlphaUnicode(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_alpha_unicode", is.AlphaUnicode, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsAlphanumericUnicode(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_alphanumeric_unicode", is.AlphanumericUnicode, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsNumeric(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("is_numeric", is.Numeric[any], options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsNumber(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("is_number", is.Number[any], options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsBool(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("is_bool", is.Boolean[any], options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsHexadecimal(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_hexadecimal", is.Hexadecimal, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsHexColor(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_hexcolor", is.HEXColor, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsRgb(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_rgb", is.RGB, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsRgba(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_rgba", is.RGBA, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsHsl(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_hsl", is.HSL, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsHsla(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_hsla", is.HSLA, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsColor(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_color", is.Color, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsLatitude(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("is_latitude", is.Latitude[any], options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsLongitude(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("is_longitude", is.Longitude[any], options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsJson(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("is_json", is.JSON[any], options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsBase64(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_base64", is.Base64, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsHTML(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_html", is.HTML, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsHTMLEncoded(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_html_encoded", is.HTMLEncoded, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsDatetime(layout string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"is_datetime",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.Datetime(toString(a), layout) },
+		append([]ErrorOption{ErrorParam("layout", layout)}, options...),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsTimezone(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_timezone", is.Timezone, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsIPv4(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_ipv4", is.IPv4, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsIPv6(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_ipv6", is.IPv6, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsIP(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_ip", is.IP, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsMAC(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_mac", is.MAC, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsFile(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("is_file", is.File, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsDir(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("is_file", is.Dir, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsLower(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_lower", is.Lowercase, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) IsUpper(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.string("is_upper", is.Uppercase, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Contains(substr string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"contains",
+		func(a any) bool { return strings.Contains(toString(a), substr) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("substr", substr)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) ContainsAny(chars string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"contains_any",
+		func(a any) bool { return strings.ContainsAny(toString(a), chars) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("chars", chars)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) ContainsRune(rune rune, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"contains_rune",
+		func(a any) bool { return strings.ContainsRune(toString(a), rune) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("rune", rune)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Excludes(substr string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"excludes",
+		func(val any) bool { return !strings.Contains(toString(val), substr) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("substr", substr)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) ExcludesAll(chars string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"excludes_all",
+		func(val any) bool { return !strings.ContainsAny(toString(val), chars) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("chars", chars)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) ExcludesRune(rune rune, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"excludes_rune",
+		func(val any) bool { return !strings.ContainsRune(toString(val), rune) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("rune", rune)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) EndsWith(suffix string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"ends_with",
+		func(a any) bool { return strings.HasSuffix(toString(a), suffix) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("suffix", suffix)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) EndsNotWith(suffix string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"ends_not_with",
+		func(val any) bool { return !strings.HasSuffix(toString(val), suffix) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("suffix", suffix)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) StartsWith(prefix string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"starts_with",
+		func(a any) bool { return strings.HasPrefix(toString(a), prefix) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("prefix", prefix)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) StartsNotWith(prefix string, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"starts_not_with",
+		func(val any) bool { return !strings.HasPrefix(toString(val), prefix) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("prefix", prefix)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) OneOf(items []any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"one_of",
+		func(value any) bool { return is.OneOf(value, items) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("items", items)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) NotEmpty(options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple("not_empty", is.NotEmpty[any], options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Length(n int, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"length",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.Length(a, n, "=") },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("length", n)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) MinLength(min int, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"min_length",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.Length(a, min, ">=") },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("min", min)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) MaxLength(max int, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"max_length",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.Length(a, max, "<=") },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("max", max)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) LengthBetween(min, max int, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"length_between",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.LengthBetween(a, min, max) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("min", min), ErrorParam("max", max)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) GreaterThan(min any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"greater_than",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.GreaterThan(a, min) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("min", min)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) GreaterEqualThan(n any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"greater_equal_than",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.GreaterEqualThan(a, n) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("min", n)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Equal(another any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"equal",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.Equal(a, another) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("another", another)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) NotEqual(another any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"not_equal",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.NotEqual(a, another) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("another", another)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) LessEqualThan(max any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"less_equal_than",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.LessEqualThan(a, max) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("max", max)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) LessThan(max any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"less_than",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.LessThan(a, max) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("max", max)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Between(min, max any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"between",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.Between(a, min, max) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("min", min), ErrorParam("max", max)),
+	)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) NotBetween(min, max any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.simple(
+		"not_between",
+		func(a any) bool { return is.NotBetween(a, min, max) },
+		merge(options, ErrorParam("min", min), ErrorParam("max", max)),
+	)
+}
+
+type Item struct {
+	Key   any
+	Index int
+	Value any
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) itemize(handle func(item *Item) any, every bool, options []ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	check := func(item *Item) (bool, error) {
+		res := handle(item)
+		if x, ok := res.(Validatable); ok {
+			if err := x.Validate(); res != nil {
+				return false, err
+			} else {
+				return !every, nil
+			}
+		}
+		if res == true || res == nil {
+			if !every {
+				// some 成功
+				return true, nil
+			}
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		if res == false && every {
+			if every {
+				// every 失败
+				return false, v.newError("every", options)
+			}
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		if err, ok := res.(error); ok {
+			// 自定义错误
+			return false, v.mistake(err, options...)
+		}
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("expect a bool, a Validatable or a error, got %+v", res))
+	}
+
+	v.addRule(func(a any) error {
+		rv := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(a))
+		rt := rv.Type()
+		switch k := rt.Kind(); k {
+		case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+			for i := 0; i < rv.Len(); i++ {
+				skip, err := check(&Item{
+					Key:   nil,
+					Index: i,
+					Value: rv.Index(i).Interface(),
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					return v.mistake(err)
+				}
+				if skip {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Map:
+			iter := rv.MapRange()
+			for iter.Next() {
+				skip, err := check(&Item{
+					Key:   iter.Key().String(),
+					Value: iter.Value().Interface(),
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					return v.mistake(err)
+				}
+				if skip {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			for i := 0; i < rt.NumField(); i++ {
+				field := rt.Field(i)
+				skip, err := check(&Item{
+					Key:   field.Name,
+					Value: rv.FieldByName(field.Name).Interface(),
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					return v.mistake(err)
+				}
+				if skip {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			panic("invalid value")
+		}
+
+		if every {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return v.newError("some", options)
+	})
+
+	return v
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Every(handle func(item *Item) any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.itemize(handle, true, options)
+}
+
+func (v *Valuer) Some(handle func(item *Item) any, options ...ErrorOption) *Valuer {
+	return v.itemize(handle, false, options)
+}
+
+func toString(val any) string {
+	if str, ok := val.(string); ok {
+		return str
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", val)
+}